Экзаменационный материал по английскому языку 8 класс

Экзаменационный материал
по английскому языку
в 8 классе
2019-2020 учебный год
Учитель английского языка:
Карпович Татьяна Васильевна
Пояснительная записка
Экзаменационный материал составлен в соответствии с программой основного общего
образования по иностранному языку и программы курса английского языка к УМК «Rainbow
English» для 2-11 классов общеобразовательных учреждений, авторы Афанасьева О.В., Михеева
И.В., Баранова К.М. М: Дрофа, 2018.
Содержание заданий для экзамена соответствует требованиям государственного
образовательного стандарта по иностранному языку (английский язык). При составлении
экзаменационного материала учтены рекомендации инструктивно - методического письма «О
преподавании иностранного языка в 2019-2020 учебном году в общеобразовательных
учреждениях Белгородской области».
Экзаменационная работа предназначена для итоговой проверки знаний и умений
обучающихся по предмету. Для проведения экзамена разработан комплект заданий,
включающих вопросы, проверяющие усвоение содержания школьного курса за 8 класс.
Экзаменационные задания для проведения итоговой аттестации учащихся 8 классов
общеобразовательных учреждений состоит из 3 вариантов. Каждый вариант делится на две части:
письменную и устную. Общее количество баллов составляет: 48 баллов
Чтение – 9 баллов
Лексика и грамматика – 12 баллов
Письмо – 10 баллов
Говорение – (2+7+8) = 17 баллов
В ходе обучения оценивание контрольных работ будет по следующей схеме:
если учащиеся выполнили 60-65% работы, то она может быть оценена на «удовлетворительно» (24-33);
оценка «хорошо» ставится в случае выполнения 80% работы (34-38);
оценка «отлично» предполагает выполнение 95-100% работы (39-43).
Письменная часть экзаменационной работы по английскому языку состоит из трех разделов, включающих
21 задание (21 балл)
Раздел 1 (задания по чтению) включает 9 заданий на понимание прочитанных текстов. Рекомендуемое
время на выполнение заданий раздела – 30 минут.
Раздел 2 (задания по грамматике и лексике) состоит из 12 заданий.
Рекомендуемое время на выполнение раздела – 30 минут.
В разделе 3 С1 (задание по письму) дано 1 задание, предлагающее написать личное письмо.
Рекомендуемое время на выполнение – 30 минут (10 баллов).
Рекомендуется выполнять задания в том порядке, в котором они даны.
На выполнение письменной части экзаменационной работы отводится 90 мин.
Раздел 4 С2, С3, C4 (устная часть экзаменационной работы) состоит из трех заданий по говорению:
-осознанное чтение текста вслух. Время устного ответа – 1.5 - 2 минуты на одного учащего (2 балла)
- тематическое монологическое высказывание. Время устного ответа – 1.5 - 2 минуты на одного учащего
(7 баллов)
- монологическое высказывание с опорой на картинку. Из трех предложенных фотографий нужно выбрать
одну и описать ее по предложенному плану. Время устного ответа – 1.5 - 2 минуты на одного
учащего. (8 баллов)
При оценивании ответов учащихся используется система оценивания в соответствии со следующими
критериями:
КРИТЕРИИ ОЦЕНИВАНИЯ РАЗДЕЛА «ПИСЬМО» (С1)
С1, личное письмо, оценивается по трем критериям: решение коммуникативной задачи, организация
текста, лексико-грамматическое оформление текста, орфография и пунктуация.
Максимальное количество баллов, которое обучающийся может получить за личное письмо – 10 баллов.
Критерии
оценивания
3 балла
2 балла
1 балл
0 баллов
К1
Решение
коммуникатив
ной задачи
Задание выполнено
полностью: даны
полные и точные
ответы на три заданных
вопроса. С учетом цели
письменного
высказывания и
адресата правильно
выбрано стилевое
оформление письма:
обращение,
завершающая фраза и
подпись. Соблюдены
принятые в языке
нормы вежливости: есть
благодарность,
упоминание о
предыдущих контактах,
выражена надежда на
будущие контакты
Задание выполнено:
даны ответы на три
заданных вопроса, НО
на один вопрос дан
неполный ответ.
Допускается одно-два
нарушения в
структурном
оформлении письма
И/ИЛИ в соблюдении
норм вежливости
Задание
выполнено
частично: даны
ответы на заданные
вопросы, НО на два
вопроса даны
неполные ИЛИ
неточные ответы
ИЛИ ответ на один
вопрос отсутствует.
Допускается не
более двух
нарушений в
стилевом
оформлении письма
И/ИЛИ в
соблюдении норм
вежливости
Задание не
выполнено:
отсутствуют
ответы на два
вопроса ИЛИ
текст письма не
соответствует
требуемому
объему
К2
Организация
текста
Текст логично
выстроен и верно
разделен на абзацы;
правильно
использованы языко-
вые средства для
передачи логической
связи; структурное
оформление текста
соответствует нормам
письменного этикета,
принятого в стране
изучаемого языка
Текст не всегда
логичен (допущено
не более двух
логических ошибок)
И/ИЛИ допущены
ошибки при
использовании
средств логической
связи (не более двух
ошибок) И/ИЛИ при
делении на абзацы
ИЛИ имеются
нарушения (не
более двух
нарушений) в
структурном
Текст выстроен
нелогично
(допущено три и
более логические
ошибки), И/ИЛИ
допущены
ошибки при
использовании
средств
логической связи
(три и более
ошибки), И/ИЛИ
отсутствует
деление на
абзацы, ИЛИ
допущены три и
оформлении текста
письма
более ошибки в
структурном
оформлении
письма
К3
Лексико-
грамматическо
е оформление
текста
Используемый
словарный запас и
грамматические
структуры,
соответствуют уровню
сложности задания,
допускается не более
двух лексико-
грамматических
ошибок
Используемый
словарный запас и
грамматические
структуры не
полностью
соответствуют уровню
сложности задания,
допускается не более
четырех лексико-
грамматических
ошибок
Используемый
словарный запас и
грамматические
структуры не
полностью
соответствуют
уровню сложности
задания, допущено
не более пяти
лексико-
грамматических
ошибок
Использованный
словарный запас и
грамматические
структуры не
соответствуют
уровню сложности
задания, допущено
шесть и более
лексико-
грамматических
ошибок
К4
Орфография и
пунктуация
Орфографические и
пунктуационные ошиб-
ки практически
отсутствуют
(допускается не более
двух ошибок)
В тексте допущены
орфографические и
пунктуационные
ошибки (не более
четырех ошибок)
В тексте
допущены много-
численные
орфографические
и пунктуационные
ошибки (пять и
более ошибок)
Говорение
Критерии оценивания выполнения задания C2
(Чтение текста вслух) – максимум 2 балла
Фонетическая сторона речи
Речь воспринимается легко: необоснованные паузы отсутствуют; фразовое ударение и интонационные
контуры, произношение слов практически без нарушений нормы; допускается не более пяти
фонетических ошибок, в том числе одна-две ошибки, искажающие смысл
Речь воспринимается достаточно легко, однако присутствуют необоснованные паузы; фразовое
ударение и интонационные контуры практически без нарушений нормы; допускается не более семи
фонетических ошибок, в том числе три ошибки, искажающие смысл
Речь воспринимается с трудом из-за значительного количества неестественных пауз, запинок, неверной
расстановки ударений и ошибок в произношении слов,
ИЛИ допущено более семи фонетических ошибок,
ИЛИ сделано четыре и более фонетические ошибки, искажающие смысл
Критерии оценивания выполнения задания C3
(Тематическое монологическое высказывание) – максимум 7 баллов
Решение коммуникативной
задачи
Организация высказывания
Языковое оформление
высказывания
Ба
лл
ы
Задание выполнено полностью:
цель общения достигнута; тема
раскрыта в полном объеме
(полно, точно и развернуто,
раскрыты все четыре аспекта,
указанные в задании).
Объем высказывания 1012
фраз.
3
Задание выполнено: цель
общения достигнута, НО тема
раскрыта не в полном объеме
(один аспект раскрыт не
полностью).
Объем высказывания – 8–9 фраз
Высказывание логично и имеет
завершенный характер;
имеются вступительная и
заключительная фразы,
соответствующие теме.
Средства логической связи
используются правильно
Использованный словарный
запас, грамматические
структуры, фонетическое
оформление высказывания
соответствуют поставленной
задаче (допускается не более
четырёх негрубых лексико-
грамматических ошибок
И/ИЛИ не более трёх
негрубых фонетических
2
ошибок)
Задание выполнено частично:
цель общения достигнута
частично; тема раскрыта в
ограниченном объеме (один-два
аспекта не раскрыт,
ИЛИ два аспекта раскрыты не в
полном объеме, остальные
аспекты раскрыты полно и
точно). Объем высказывания – 6
7 фраз
Высказывание в основном
логично и имеет достаточно
завершенный характер,
НО отсутствует вступительная
ИЛИ
Заключительная фраза,
имеются одно-два нарушения в
использовании средств
логической связи
Использованный словарный
запас, грамматические
структуры, фонетическое
оформление высказывания
соответствуют поставленной
задаче (допускается не более
пяти негрубых лексико-
грамматических ошибок
И/ИЛИ не более четырёх
негрубых фонетических
ошибок)
1
Задание не выполнено: цель
общения не достигнута: три
аспекта содержания
не раскрыты*.
Объем высказывания 5 и менее
фраз
Высказывание нелогично
И/ИЛИ не имеет завершенного
характера, вступительная и
заключительная фразы
отсутствуют; средства
логической связи практически
не используются или допущены
многочисленные ошибки в их
использовании
Понимание высказывания
затруднено из-за
многочисленных лексико-
грамматических и
фонетических ошибок (шесть
и более лексико-
грамматических ошибок
И/ИЛИ пять и более
фонетических ошибок)
ИЛИ более трёх грубых
ошибок
0
Примечание. При получении участником экзамена 0 баллов по критерию «Решение коммуникативной
задачи» все задание оценивается в 0 баллов.
Критерии оценивания выполнения задания C3
(Монологическое высказывание с опорой на картинку и пункты плана) – максимум 8
баллов
Variant 1
I. Reading
В2 Прочитайте информацию для студентов, только что приехавших в летнюю школу.
Установите соответствие между заголовками A-F и пронумерованными абзацами текста 1-5.
Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании есть
один лишний заголовок.
A. Safe solutions are still needed
B. International efforts to stop pollution
C. Science for nature protection
D. Set to protect nature.
E. Air pollution in the chain of global destruction.
F. We are all elements of global ecosystem.
1. People have lived on our planet for many years. We may live on different continents and in different
countries, but we all depend on our planet, on the sun, on animals and plants around us. We must take
care of Earth but not destruct wildlife. Many species of animals and birds are disappearing nowadays.
We cut down trees to make furniture, but we forget that people can’t live without trees and plants. Every
little creature or thing oh Earth plays its own part and makes our home unique.
2. One of the biggest eco problems is pollution. The main reason of pollution is rubbish Most of our
rubbish goes to big holes in the ground, called ’dumps’. But dumps are very dangerous for our life, be-
cause they are full of rats, which can carry infections away from dumps. Another way to get rid
of rubbish is to burn it. But the fires make poisons, which go into the air and pollute it. This is the propel
scientists should get interested in. Such researchers are worth spending money on.
3. The Royal Society for the prevention of cruelty to animals (the RSPCA) tries to protect animals from
bad use. It operates big nation campaigns aimed at lost pets and circus animals. The World Wildlife Fund
(The WWF) rescued several species of animals mammals as well as birds. These organizations also
helped to create more than 25C National parks. Greenpeace began its work 20 years ago from saving
whales. And now Greenpeace is a world-famous organization, which saves plants, animals and people.
4. Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons ol dust and harmful
substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut down and burn in fire. Their disappear-
ance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear
forever, a number of lakes and rivers dry up. The pollution of air and the world destruction of the ozone
layer is the result of man’s careless interaction with nature, a sign of ecological crises.
5. Numerous conferences have been held to discuss questions of ecologically pool regions including the
Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass, Seiriipalatsinsfc and Chernobyl. An international environ-
mental research center has been set up on Lake Baikal. Scientists are also doing much to preserve the en-
vironment. But these are only the initial steps that must be carried forward to protect not only for the sake
of the present but for the future generations.
1
2
3
4
5
Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А5-А8 соответствуют
содержанию текста (1 True), какие не соответствуют (2 False) и о чём в тексте
не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного
ответа (3 Not stated).
One of the most significant dates during the reign of the Spanish Catholic Monarchs was 12th October
1492: the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus.
The fact that Christopher Columbus (who was not originally Spanish) appealed to a foreign court to offer
his services proved that the discovery of America was not unexpected.
Portugal and Spain were well-advanced in the exploration of overseas mercantile routes and Sevilla,
a wealthy Spanish city, was by then an important commercial centre. We know that the African routes
were closed to Spain in favour of Portugal. In 1479, Alfonso V of Portugal recognized the rights of Spain
over the Canary Islands, while Spain ^recognized the rights of Portugal over the Azores, Cape Verde and
Madeira.
The Canary Islands were an excellent bridgehead for alternate routes. Unified Spain possessed in 1492 a
powerful war machine, a solid economy, naval experience including the exploration of trade routes and
notable scientific-technical potential mathematicians, geographers, astronomers and shipbuilders who
had been formed in a melting-pot of three cultures: Jews, Muslims and Christians. Its only rival was its
neighbour, Portugal, which, as we know, had put a stop to Spanish expansion in Africa.
Columbus’ offer was rapidly accepted, but during his journey to Asia his caravels unexpectedly came
across the American continent.
The Spanish were especially well prepared by history to conquer, occupy, populate and exploit new lands
and assimilate new people. America thus became the new frontier-land for those people used to its ways
and with the military, diplomats and administrative arms at their disposal to face the challenge. By the
middle of the 16th century, they had settled in the two most important viceroyalties, Mexico on the At-
lantic, and Peru on the Pacific.
A5 Sevilla was the largest sea port and trade center of the world.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A6 In the 15-th century it was the privilege of Portugal to use African routes.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A7 By 1492 Spain had serious resourses to expand its world influence
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A8 The Spanish were not ready to settle on the newly open lands.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A5
A6
A7
A8
II. Use of English
Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами
ВЗ-В9 так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните
пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию ВЗ-В9.
Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами
В10-В14 так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста.
Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному
заданию В10-В14.
III. C1 Writing
При выполнении задания С1 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут
оцениваться только по записям, сделанным на отдельном чистом листе. Никакие записи
черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость
соблюдения указанного объёма письма. Письма недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста
письма, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются.
You have 30 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Ben.
I am very busy now preparing for my exams, but yesterday I went to the cinema with my friends. We
saw a new film about Sherlock Holmes. You’ve probably seen it, too. …
…What kinds of films do you like? Where do you prefer watching films in the cinema or at home and
why? What would you make a film about if you had a chance?…
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions. Ask him about preferences.
Write 100120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
IV. Speaking.
C2 You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be
ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.
Studies of the atmosphere first received technical support in 1912. Equipment to measure temperature
and pressure was invented in Germany. But the question was how to raise it high into the air. In 1921,
Russian engineers suggested using planes. The special equipment was put on planes that made regular
flights. Thanks to this, scientists got a lot of new information about the structure of the atmosphere.
Nowadays scientists use modern flying laboratories to study the structure of clouds at different levels.
Unlike the first planes, these laboratories can work in any weather and are able to predict climate chang-
es.
C3 You are going to give a talk on learning English. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will
speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
whether it is easy or difficult to learn English, why;
which activity at the lesson is the most important (listening, speaking, reading), why;
what you do to improve your English.
how you can use English in everyday life.
You have to talk continuously.
C4. Imagine that while travelling during your holidays you took some photos. Choose one photo to
present to your friend. You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more
than 2 minutes. In your talk remember to speak about:
When and where you took the photo
what/who is in the photo
what is happening
why you took the photo
why you decided to show the picture to your friend
You have to talk continuously, starting with:
I’ve chosen photo number ….
Variant 2
I. Reading
В2 Прочитайте информацию для студентов, только что приехавших в летнюю школу.
Установите соответствие между заголовками A-F и пронумерованными абзацами текста 1-5.
Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании есть
один лишний заголовок.
A. Special family days
B. The right to choose
C. National spirit traced in different celebrations
D. They invent local holidays
E. Love for celebrations
F. One common event for a national holiday
1. People in every culture celebrate holidays. Although the word «holiday» literally means «holy day,»
most American holidays are not religious, but commemorative in nature and origin. As. the nation
is blessed with rich ethnic heritage, it is possible to trace some of the American holidays to diverse cul-
tural sources and traditions, but all holidays have taken on a distinctively American flavor.
2. Each of the 50 states has the right to observe Federal holidays according to their legislation. However,
the majority of the states usually choose the date or day celebrated by the rest of the nation. Still the clos-
ing of local government offices and businesses on these holidays vary. For instance, in Washington State
there are five official holidays when people have five days off; however, a company may give their em-
ployees three extra days per year to enhance their holiday term.
3. One of the most widely celebrated and popular holidays in the USA is Independence Day. What
is rather remarkable about it is the splendid colorful parade. Take, for instance, a parade in Seattle,
Washington. Different organizations take part in it. First, usually comes the fire brigades in full dress,
with polished fire-engines. Girls throw flowers to them. The firemen and women are regarded as heroes,
especially in small towns. Then come the police and other state organizations, fund raisers, voluntary
bodies, factories, and small businesses proudly showing off their produce.
4. It is worth mentioning that in the United States, Americans like holidays very much. The word «holi-
day» for them is synonymous with «celebration». They tend to make some Sundays unique by organizing
various festivals and carnivals. On these Sundays you can go to different towns and take part
in entertaining events. The main attractions are festivals that welcome in the autumn as the leaves on the
trees begin to turn red, orange, and yellow. For example, a festival of wooden boats or classical automo-
biles, or a wood-chopping contest and an auction are popular activities.
5. As for family celebrations in the USA, it is worth saying that these holidays are mostly calm and quiet.
The most popular family holidays are Thanksgiving Day and Christmas. The extended families gather for
these two events. Americans prepare only traditional meals for these holidays. For instance, for Thanks-
giving Day there will be a roast turkey with cranberry sauce, white mashed potatoes (which ARE indis-
pensable with turkey). Other sweet potatoes or yams, vegetables and a pumpkin pie.
1
2
3
4
5
V2 Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений A5-A8 соответствуют
содержанию текста (1 True), какие не соответствуют (2 False) и о чем в тексте
не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного
ответа (3 Not stated).
Modern people use various means of transportation to get from one place to another. In the old days peo-
ple had to travel several days, weeks and months to get to the place they needed. They either went
on foot, by coaches driven by horses or on horseback or by boats and so on. Then trams, cars, buses,
planes, underground and other means appeared.
Many people like to travel by plane as it is the fastest way of traveling. A lot of people like to travel
by train because they can look at passing villages, forests and fields through windows. Some people like
to travel by car. There they can go as slowly or as fast as they like. They can stop when and where they
want.
People who live in big cities use various means of transportation to get from one place to another. Lon-
doners use the underground railway. They call it «the tube». London’s, underground is the oldest in the
world. It was opened in 1863. There was one route at that time, four miles long. Now London’s under-
ground has 277 stations and it is 244 miles long.
London was the first city where trams appeared, but now it is one of the greatest cities in the world where
no trams have been used for many years. Londoners prefer buses. London’s buses are double-decked
buses. The first bus route was opened in London in 1904 Today there are hundreds of routes there. The
interesting thing is that some of the routes remain the same as many years ago.
Londoners use cars. One can see a lot of cars in London streets. When Londoners leave the town, they
use trains, ships or planes.
A5
In old days people used one way of transportation.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A6
Different people prefer different transport.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A7
London’s underground is the largest in the world.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A8
Today Londoners use buses more often than they use trams.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
II. Use of English
Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами ВЗ-В9 так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию
текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует
отдельному заданию ВЗ-В9.
Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами В10-В14 так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый
пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию В10-В14.
III. C1 Writing
При выполнении задания С1 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут
оцениваться только по записям, сделанным на отдельном чистом листе. Никакие записи
черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость
соблюдения указанного объёма письма. Письма недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста
письма, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются.
You have 30 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Ben.
I am very busy now preparing for my exams, but yesterday I went to the cinema with my friends. We
saw a new film about Sherlock Holmes. You’ve probably seen it, too. …
…What kinds of films do you like? Where do you prefer watching films in the cinema or at home and
why? What would you make a film about if you had a chance?…
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions. Ask him about preferences.
Write 100120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
IV. Speaking.
C2. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then
be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.
Most people enjoy watching the night sky. And the brightest object in the sky is the Moon. Every night
the Moon rises in the East and sets in the West. It takes about 27 days to go around the Earth, and it’s an
interesting fact that we always see the same side of the Moon. The Moon is the closest object to the
Earth. It would take us only 13 hours to get to the Moon by rocket. If we were able to travel at the speed
of light, it would take a bit less than two seconds.
There is a very thin atmosphere on the Moon. Life is not possible there. In spite of this, the Moon can be
used as a base for space exploration and even for space tourism. Some space companies say that they will
be able to take tourists to the Moon as soon as in 2020.
C 3 You are going to give a talk about keeping fit. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak
for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
why lots of people try to keep fit;
what you do to keep fit;
what sports activities are popular with teenagers in your region.
if it is necessary to visit a doctor to keep fit .
You have to talk continuously.
C4. Imagine that while travelling during your holidays you took some photos. Choose one photo to
present to your friend. You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more
than 2 minutes. In your talk remember to speak about:
when and where you took the photo
what/who is in the photo
what is happening
why you took the photo
why you decided to show the picture to your friend
You have to talk continuously, starting with:
I’ve chosen photo number ….
Variant 3
I. Reading
B2 Прочитайте информацию для студентов, только что приехавших в летнюю школу.
Установите соответствие между заголовками A-F и пронумерованными абзацами текста 1-5.
Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании есть
один лишний заголовок.
A. Eating traditions
B. A treat and a song go together
C. Celebrate to get many presents
D. Holiday decoration business
E. Holiday food business
F. Cooking special holiday dishes
1. Many stores in the USA stock a large range of holiday house decorations for a month before the holi-
day itself. For instance, on Thanksgiving Day they sell pumpkins and leaves specially designed for
adorning. As for Halloween, stores offer flashlights, masks, and skeletons for decorating the gardens and
for scaring one’s guests. Thus, people alter the attire of their houses several times a year. The wealthier
families change not only the season’s outside decorations but even the interior of their houses such
as curtains, carpets and pictures.
2. On the Eve of Thanksgiving Day, most supermarkets are flooded with turkeys selling at lower prices.
Turkey producers have to decrease their price because they must sell all the turkeys as soon as possible,
otherwise they will still have them when Christmas comes or even longer. Almost nobody buys turkey
for an ordinary meal (during the rest of the year). At Christmas, Americans also cook a turkey or they
can choose another traditional dish, e. g. roasted ham.
3. One of the peculiarities of Americans is that they do not usually sit around the table for a holiday meal.
For larger groups, all the food usually stands on a special, separate table that is beautifully decorated.
Everyone can serve themselves with the food they want. What is more, they do not usually have salads,’
which may seem rather strange for the Russians living there. Salads, to Americans, may be nothing more
than tossed leaves of lettuce with a few other vegetables.
4. One more type of celebration, which is connected with presents, are «showers,» for instance a baby-
shower or a wedding-shower. For a baby-shower, a pregnant woman is given presents for her future
child, whereas for a wedding-shower a bride receives presents for her household. These showers are
popular because on the one hand, it is usually a moderate price to rent a cafe or a restaurant and order
some kind of snacks such as crisps and sauces and salads. On the other hand, it is very pleasant
to be «showered» with presents. Many people are usually invited to such parties.
5. As for Birthdays, it is worth mentioning that this holiday is for both friends and family. Often
an additional party is organized by a company of friends at which time the one having the birthday
is invited to a restaurant to celebrate. Besides a meal, they order a birthday cake and a ’happy birthday
song’ is performed by the staff of the restaurant. Guests are not expected to give presents at this kind
of a party. Only relatives and close friends give presents for one’s birthday. However, they do not neces-
sarily have a family feast. Of course, it depends on your family.
1
2
3
4
5
V3 Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений A5-A8 соответствуют
содержанию текста (1 True), какие не соответствуют (2 False) и о чем в тексте
не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного
ответа (3 Not stated).
Everybody can fall ill with any disease. Fortunately, only cold and flu are quite frequent in our city
among infectious illnesses. They are rather easy for the modern medicine and various pills can help you
a lot in overcoming this trouble.
However, of course, being sick isn’t a pleasant way of spending your time. In such situation friend’s par-
ticipation in this trouble can encourage you, give you moral support and even can make yourself feel bet-
ter. That’s why you always should visit your sick friends. You must remember that tomorrow this illness
can happen to you. I always try to follow this rule.
Fortunately, my friends don’t fall ill frequently. But I remember such case that happened about
12 months ago. One of my best school friends had fallen ill with hard form of flu. Soon I went to his
place to see him. I took some things that, as I was expecting, were interesting for him. Among them I
brought a DVD with best game moments of National Basketball Association. He was very glad for this
present and soon we both were enjoying the outstanding games of the strongest basketball league in the
world. Then I told him all last school news and everything about the material we had passed when he was
absent.
Then we tried to entertain ourselves and started to solve crosswords in the newspapers, to watch TV set,
so we began to do all that everybody makes when he doesn’t know what to do. To my surprise, I lost the
feeling of time and there was deep evening, when I understood, that it was a time to go home. When
I was leaving for home, my friend promised that he would be all fight soon and he kept his word.
In two days he came to school and started to study various subjects with new energy. Sometimes a little
interval is useful for a person.
A5
Cold and flu can be cured easily today.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A6
It’s impossible to overcome a disease if your friends
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A7
The author came to see his sick friend to help him catch up with his studies.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A8
The illness turned out to be useful for the boy’s studies.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A5
A6
A7
A8
II. Use of English
Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами ВЗ-В9 так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию
текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует
отдельному заданию ВЗ~В9.
Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами В10-В14 так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый
пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию В10-В14.
III. C1 Writing.
При выполнении задания С1 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут
оцениваться только по записям, сделанным на отдельном чистом листе. Никакие записи
черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость
соблюдения указанного объёма письма. Письма недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста
письма, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются.
You have 30 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Ben.
I am very busy now preparing for my exams, but yesterday I went to the cinema with my friends. We
saw a new film about Sherlock Holmes. You’ve probably seen it, too. …
…What kinds of films do you like? Where do you prefer watching films in the cinema or at home and
why? What would you make a film about if you had a chance?…
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions. Ask him about preferences.
Write 100120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
IV. Speaking.
C 1 You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then
be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.
In 1642 a French student invented the first mechanical calculator. He was only 18 and the counting ma-
chine was a present for his father. The father worked as a tax collector and the young man wanted to
make his job easier. The talented inventor made several machines, but nobody was interested. The young
man was ahead of his time. Many years passed before people realized how useful these machines could
be and started mass producing them. Today most mechanical calculators have been replaced with elec-
tronic models. These small devices can perform a lot of mathematical operations. You just need to enter
the numbers by pressing the keys and you’ll see the final result on the screen in no time.
C 2
You are going to give a talk about films. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more
than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
what kind of art you like/dislike, why
what kinds of films modern teenagers enjoy
where you prefer watching films: on TV, on the Internet or in the cinema, and why
what film you have seen recently, what it was about
You have to talk continuously.
C 3. Imagine that while travelling during your holidays you took some photos. Choose one photo to
present to your friend. You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more
than 2 minutes. In your talk remember to speak about:
when and where you took the photo
what/who is in the photo
what is happening
why you took the photo
why you decided to show the picture to your friend
You have to talk continuously, starting with:
I’ve chosen photo number ….
Variant 4
I. Reading
B2 Прочитайте информацию для студентов, только что приехавших в летнюю школу.
Установите соответствие между заголовками A-F и пронумерованными абзацами текста 1-5.
Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании есть
один лишний заголовок.
A. Was it easy to get to the areas where spices grew?
B. Who had exclusive rights for pepper trade?
C. What proves that spices in old times were even more used than today?
D. Where did rare spices come from?
E. Merchants from what place were number one in pepper trade?
F. What was special about use of spices in old times??
1. Pepper, the most common and at the same time the most valued of spices, was frequently treated
as a gift of honor from one sovereign to another, or as a polite form of payment instead of money. «Ma-
tilda de Chaucer is in the gift of the king, and her land is worth 8 pounds, 2d, and 1 pound of pepper and
1 pound of cinnamon and 1 ounce of silk,» reads a chance record in an old English survey.
2. The amount of these spices bought and sold was astonishing even as compared to modern trade. Vene-
tian galleys, Genoese carracks, and other vessels on the Mediterranean brought great amount of them
westward, and they were sold in fairs and markets everywhere. In romances and chronicles, in cook-
books, trades-lists, and customs-tariffs, spices are mentioned with a frequency and consideration un-
known in modern times.
3. For years the Venetians had a contract to buy from the sultan of Egypt annually 420,000 pounds
of pepper. One of the first vessels to make its way to India brought home 210,000 pounds. A fine
of 200,000 pounds of pepper was imposed upon one prince of India who refused to sell pepper to the
Portuguese in 1520. «Pepper-sack» was a nick-name and yet not a negative epithet applied by German
robbers, to Venetians merchants who passed down the Rhine.
4. Yet the location of «the isles where the spices grow» was very distant and obscure to the men of the
Middle Ages. John Cabot, in 1497, said that he «was once at Mecca, whither the spices are brought
by caravans from distant countries, and having inquired from whence they were brought and where they
grew, the merchants answered that they did not know, but that such merchandise was brought from dis-
tant countries by other caravans to their home; and they further say that they are also conveyed from oth-
er remote regions».
5. Such lack of knowledge was pardonable, that even Marco Polo, one of the. most experienced travelers,
after spending years in Asia, believed, mistakenly, that such rare spices as nutmegs and cloves were pro-
duced in Java. It was only after many, many years that their true place of production became known
in Europe. These spices were the native products of the so called Spice Islands, just under the equator,
in the midst of the Malay Archipelago. Their light, volcanic soil, could keep moist by the constant damp
winds.
1
2
3
4
5
V4 Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений A5-A8 соответствуют
содержанию текста (1 True), какие не соответствуют (2 False) и о чем в тексте
не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного
ответа (3 Not stated).
Every nation and country has a reputation of some kind. The Englishmen are believed to be cold, re-
served, rather naughty, easy-going and fond of sport. They are the nation of stay-at- homes. «There
is no place like home», they say. The English man’s home is his castle is a saying known all over the
world.
They prefer a small house built for one family, with a small garden and a fire in the centre of the house.
They like animals very much and follow many traditions especially concerning food and manners.
We know much about English traditions and Customs but now I’d like to say a few words about the tra-
ditions of my native land-Russia.
First, some words about Russian people. To my mind, the main traits of their characters are their hospi-
tality, their «open heartedness» and inventiveness. Russian fairytales reflect this. Our people are hard-
working, patient, never loosing hope for better life. The Russians are the talented nation. Russia gave the
world thousands of the world famous writers, composers, scientists, inventors and explorers. All of them
are the pride of the nation.
Such names of Gzhel and Khokhloma are considered to be the symbols of Russia as well as matryoshkas
and samovars. The history of Khokhloma goes back to the 17th century. The production of tableware-
dishes, spoons, mugs was begun at that time in the villages of Suomino and Khokhloma in the Nizhniy
Novgorod Province. Many carpenters, painters have been working since then reviving traditions of old
masters.
The Khokhloma style is characterized by using plant elements in painting the tableware. The prevailing
colors are black, yellow, golden, green and red.
Nowadays this craft is sure to be saved; it will be developed and brought into the future by the new gen-
eration of painters.
A5 The Englishmen have bad reputation among different nations in the world.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A6 English people are home-centered.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A7 Russia has contributed a lot to the world civilization.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A8 Khokhloma style has been a typical Russian craft since Kievan Russ.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A5
A6
A7
A8
II. Use of English
Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами ВЗ-В9 так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию
текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует
отдельному заданию ВЗ-В9.
Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами В10-В14 так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый
пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию В10-В14.
III. C1 Writing.
При выполнении задания С1 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут
оцениваться только по записям, сделанным на отдельном чистом листе. Никакие записи
черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость
соблюдения указанного объёма письма. Письма недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста
письма, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются.
You have 30 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Ben.
I am very busy now preparing for my exams, but yesterday I went to the cinema with my friends. We
saw a new film about Sherlock Holmes. You’ve probably seen it, too. …
…What kinds of films do you like? Where do you prefer watching films in the cinema or at home and
why? What would you make a film about if you had a chance?…
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions. Ask him about preferences.
Write 100120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
IV. Speaking.
C1 You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then
be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.
Recycling is a technology that helps protect the environment and cut down on usage of raw materials.
The steel, paper and glass industries recycle a lot. The largest recycler is the steel industry. It recovers
more than 70 per cent of its original materials. For example, since 1988 they have produced the majority
of new metal cans from old ones. Metal parts for cars and planes are other examples of recycling steel.
Fragments of waste glass are widely used in construction. For producing writing paper and pens, used
packing boxes are an ideal material. They are cheap and easy to recycle. Nowadays more and more recy-
cling centres are appearing in our towns and cities.
C2 You are going to give a talk about sport. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more
than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
what kind of sports you like/dislike, why
what you know about last Olympic games
if all sports are good for people
what you think of extreme sports
You have to talk continuously.
C3. Imagine that while travelling during your holidays you took some photos. Choose one photo to
present to your friend. You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more
than 2 minutes. In your talk remember to speak about:
when and where you took the photo
what/who is in the photo
what is happening
why you took the photo
why you decided to show the picture to your friend
You have to talk continuously, starting with:
I’ve chosen photo number ….
Variant 5
I. Reading
B2. Прочитайте информацию для студентов, только что приехавших в летнюю школу.
Установите соответствие между заголовками A-F и пронумерованными абзацами текста 1-5.
Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании есть
один лишний заголовок.
A. There are lots of achievements to proud of.
B. Different actions were taken for one reason.
C. A lot of time was lost in protecting nature.
D. Nature protection has to struggle against industries.
E. The two aimed to help wildlife.
F. There was no time to lose.
1. More than a hundred years ago, two men who barely knew each other climbed up into the Sierra Ne-
vada wilderness and spent four days exploring mountains and tracking wildlife. They saw elk and black
bear, wild iris and larkspur. They drank from streams, slept on beds of pine needles, and awoke from
a night camping on Glacier point to find four feet of sunrise snow. When they came down from the
mountains, President Theodor Roosevelt and Sierra Club founder John Muir were good friends. Over
their parting handshake they made a pact: They would work together to save America’s wilderness. And
they did.
2. The United States had already lost most of its buffalo, tallgrass prairies, Eastern old-growth forests,
and grizzly bears. Bold, immediate action was called forand taken. Between 1901 and 1909, President
Roosevelt and Congress created five national parks, established more than fifty wildlife reserves, and set
aside 100 million acres of forest for protection. During the decade, the Sierra Club grew from a hiking
club to a political force.
3. John Muir and the growing membership of his Sierra Club conducted guided tours to wild areas to win
allies and public support for the preservation efforts, wrote letters and articles in newspapers, pioneered
the use of public education, political accountability and lobbing, and legislation to protect the health
of our environment. It was the Sierra Club that fled lawsuits to stop pollution in Lake Superior and de-
velopments in Everglades, and created books, films, photographs, and advertising for wilderness and
wildlife protection.
4. Since its founding in 1892, the Sierra Club has also helped bring about the establishment of Yosemite
and more than a score of other national parks; an end to government plans to dam the Colorado River and
flood the Grand Canyon; the enactment of the Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, and Endangered Species
Act; the granting of national movement status for Utah’s Grand Staircase Escalante, the giant sequoias
of California’s Serra Nevada and many more national treasures in different parts of the country, includ-
ing Alaska.
5. More than a century of national and local conservation campaigns has taught the Sierra Club that
no placedespite its official designation, environmental value, or storied pastis ever completely pro-
tected. The oil companies, the logging industry, and developers never give up. And as the nation grows,
the pressures to drill, log, and build in special places will also grow
1
2
3
4
5
V5 Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений A5-A8 соответствуют
содержанию текста (1 True), какие не соответствуют (2 False) и о чем в тексте
не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного
ответа (3 Not stated).
Jim lived with his parents until he was twenty-one years old, and then he got a job in the office of a big
factory in another town, so he left home. He found a comfortable little flat which had two rooms, a small
kitchen and a bathroom, and he lived there on his own.
At first he cleaned it himself, but he did not like it, so he determined to find someone else to do it instead
of him. He asked a lot of his fellow workers at the factory what they did about this, and at last one of the
men said, «Oh, Mrs. Roper comes and cleans my flat regularly. She washes the dishes, irons my shirts
and keeps the place neat and tidy and so on. I’ll introduce her to you, if you like. She’s a charming old
lady. She does her best, but she hasn’t got much energy».
«Well, you’d better ask her to come and see me, please» Jim answered. So the next evening Mrs. Roper
came to see him, and she agreed to come to his flat every morning for an hour.
After she had been working for Jim for two weeks, he looked at the mirror in his bedroom and thought,
«That mirror looks very dusty. Mrs. Roper’s forgotten to clean it. I can write on it with my finger.»
He wrote a message in the dust: «I’m coughing whenever I breathe because everything in this room
is very dusty».
He came home at 7 o’clock that evening, and when he had eaten his supper, he went into his bedroom
and looked at the mirror. «That silly woman still hasn’t cleaned it!» he said to himself. «All it needs
is a cloth!»
But then he bent down and saw a bottle in front of the mirror. «I didn’t put that bottle there» he thought.
«Mrs. Roper must have left it.» He picked the bottle up and looked at it carefully.
«She’s written some words on it», he said to himself. He read the words. They were: «Cough-medicine».
A5 Jim left home city to continue his education.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A6 Jim could not clean his house because he was allergic to dust.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A7 Mrs. Roper did not have enough time to dust the room.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A8 Jim was not happy with Mrs. Roper as a cleaner.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A5
A6
A7
A8
II. Use of English
Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами ВЗ-В9 так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию
текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует
отдельному заданию ВЗ-В9.
Прочитайте текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк,
обозначенных номерами В10-В14 так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически
соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый
пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию В10-В14.
III. C1 Writing.
При выполнении задания С1 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут
оцениваться только по записям, сделанным на отдельном чистом листе. Никакие записи
черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость
соблюдения указанного объёма письма. Письма недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста
письма, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются.
You have 30 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Ben.
I am very busy now preparing for my exams, but yesterday I went to the cinema with my friends. We
saw a new film about Sherlock Holmes. You’ve probably seen it, too. …
…What kinds of films do you like? Where do you prefer watching films in the cinema or at home and
why? What would you make a film about if you had a chance?…
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions. Ask him about preferences.
Write 100120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
IV. Speaking.
C1 You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be
ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.
One day a young man who lived near the lake in a small American town asked himself, “Why can’t peo-
ple ski on water if they can ski on snow?” With his brother’s help he constructed several models of skis
to test his ideas. He experimented on the local lake for a few days and created skis suitable for the water.
This happened in 1922. The young man, who was only 18 at that time, didn’t patent his invention. How-
ever, he performed a lot of shows across the country that made him and the sport of water skiing popular.
Later, he was recognized as the creator of a new sport water skiing. Water skiing equipment has been
greatly improved since that time, and the number of people who enjoy this sport is growing in many
countries.
C2 You are going to give a talk about your school. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak
for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
what your typical school day is like;
what your favourite subject is, and why;
what you like most about your school.
what you dislike about your school, what you would like to change.
You have to talk continuously.
C3. Imagine that while travelling during your holidays you took some photos. Choose one photo to
present to your friend. You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more
than 2 minutes. In your talk remember to speak about:
when and where you took the photo
what/who is in the photo
what is happening
why you took the photo
why you decided to show the picture to your friend
You have to talk continuously, starting with:
I’ve chosen photo number ….
Variant _
Student’s name: ____________________________________________________________
B2 Part 1.
1
2
3
4
5
A
B
C
D
Part II. USE of ENGLISH Грамматика и лексика
В3
B4
В5
В6
В7
В8
В9
B10
B11
B12
B13
B14
C1 Writing
Ответы:
Variant 1
Номер задания
Ответ
В2
FADEC
А5
3) Not stated
А6
1) True
А7
1) True
А8
2) False
B3
has always been
В4
best
В5
second
В6
are performed
В7
gives
В8
themselves
В9
looking.
В10
stranger
В11
usually
В12
unknown
В13
imagination
В14
different
Variant 2
В2
CBFEA
А5
3) False
А6
1) True
А7
3) Not stated
А8
2) False
ВЗ
had recently returned
В4
was carrying
В5
men
В6
could
В7
simplest
В8
would come
В9
were given
В10
governments
В11
regularly
В12
users
В13
various
В14
scientists
Variant 3
В2
DEACB
А5
1) True
А6
3) Not stated
А7
2) False
А8
1) True
ВЗ
fifth
В4
had already passed on
В5
women
В6
himself
В7
would be
В8
watching
В9
comes
В10
tragically
В11
influential
В12
biographers
В13
everyone/everybody
В14
publication
Variant 4
В2
FCEAD
А5
3) Not stated
А6
1) True
А7
1) True
А8
2) False
ВЗ
is known
В4
specializing
В5
was asked
В6
would read
В7
first
В8
further
В9
have had
В10
childhood,
В11
traditional
В12
funny
В13
collection
В14
frequently
Variant 5
В2
EFBAD
А5
2) False
А6
2) False
А7
3) Not stated
А8
1) True
ВЗ
worst
В4
had loved
В5
waiting
В6
him
В7
was finished
В8
would not come
В9
went
В10
Canadian
В11
considerable
В12
difference
В13
invasion
В14
ignorantly
Список источников
1. http://opengia.ru/subjects/english-9/topics/1
2. http://opengia.ru/subjects/english-9/topics/3
3. http://opengia.ru/subjects/english-9/topics/5
4. http://opengia.ru/subjects/english-9/topics/4
5. http://www.resolventa.ru/demo/eng/demogiaeng.htm
6. http://egeigia.ru/component/remository/func-startdown/1036/?Itemid=
7. http://writefix.com/?page_id=427
8. https://sites.google.com/a/vplicei.net/enjoy-english/anglijskij-dla-starsih-klassov/podgotovka-k-
ege/opisanieisravnenieseriikartinokegezadanies4
9. ОГЭ 2015. Английский язык. Типовые тестовые задания. Соловова Е.Н., Маркова Е.С. и др.
10. Соловова Е.Н., Родоманченко А.С. Формы контроля монологических умений в
международных экзаменах по английскому языку//Иностр. языки в школе. - 2013. - № 2.