Конспект урока "Climate. Flora and fauna of the USA"
The theme of the lesson: Climate. Flora and fauna of the USA.
Цели:
Развитие монологических умений по теме Climate. Flora and fauna of the USA . Совершенствование умений
информативного чтения и аудирования с извлечением специальной информации.
Активизировать в речи учащихся использование новой лексики.
Задачи:1) практиковать учащихся в восприятии речи на слух
2) практиковать их в чтении с охватом основного содержания и с последующим обсуждением прочитанного;
воспитание уважения к культурному наследию США.
3) повторение грамматического материала прилагательные.
Тип урока: Обяснение новой темы
Оборудование: ИКТ, лекция соответствующая содержанию урока, карты США , раздаточный материал для
учащихся, компьютерные презентации по теме «США.
Procedure of the lesson
I. Organization moment: Good morning? Glad to see you! How are you? What date is it? Who is absent today? What
problem has he (she)? Are you ready for the lesson? Let’s start!
II. Home task: The make a report by internet
III.Brainstorming.
А)Участники перечисляют штаты США.
Нью–Мексико,Колорадо,Нью-Йорк,Филаделфия,Калифорния,Иллинойс,Алабама,Аляска,Аризона,
Арканзас,Коннектикут,Северная,Дакота,ЮжнаяДакота,Делавэр,Флорида,Джорджия,Гавайи,Индиана,Канзас,
Луизиана,Мэриленд,Массачусетс,Мичиган,Миннесота,Миссисипи,Миссури,Монтана,Небраска,Нью-
Хемпшир,НьюДжерси,СевернаяКаролина,Огайо,Орегон,Пенсильвания,РодАйленд,Техас,Юта,Вермонд,
Виргиния,Вашингтон,Висконсин,Каролина,Вайоминг,Айдахо,Айова,Кентукки,Мэн,Невада,Оклахома,
Теннеси
Б) Участникам раздают карточки с заданием, где они отмечают правильные ответы.
I
A
N
A
O
R
E
G
O
N
U
D
C
N
A
L
A
B
A
M
A
T
N
A
E
M
O
N
T
A
N
A
A
I
L
V
G
E
O
R
G
T
T
H
C
I
A
D
A
S
Q
I
R
E
W
O
F
O
R
N
I
A
A
F
X
A
L
O
R
F
J
O
H
I
O
A
R
N
S
A
L
A
L
A
S
K
S
I
A
A
D
O
R
I
D
A
A
A
Z
K
S
O
V
I
R
G
I
N
I
O
H
A
W
A
I
I
K
H
B
A
N
IV. Speech Drill . ( Answer the questions)
What do know about the USA ?
V. Demonstration of the new language:
Vocabulary:
to range — зд. Варьироваться wet — мокрый, сырой semi desert — полупустыня
desert — пустыня severe — суровый to determine — определят
main land mass — континентальная часть vast — обширный rainfall — дождевые осадки
to grow (past grew, p.p. grown) — расти, произрастать the Sierra Nevada Mountains — горы Сьерра Невада
average —средний; similar —подобный to stretch — простираться
shores — побережье to remain — оставаться icebergs — айсберги
to be buried — быть похороненным, захоронены permanently frozen land — вечная мерзлота
midnight sun — полуночное солнце to melt — растопить, расплавить
two thirds of — две третьи чего-либо to drop — падать, погружаться
to fall (past fell, p.p. fallen) — выпадать, падать diverse — разнообразный
semiarid — полупустынный (о климате)
coal — уголь copper — медь lead — свинец timber — древесина
hazard — риск, опасность mud — грязь slide — оползень earthquake — землетрясение
environment — окружающая среда pollution — загрязнение fuel — топливо
acid rains — кислотные дожди carbon dioxide — двуокись углерода
VI. Demonstration of the new lexical material.
Climate, natural resources and nature of the USA
The USA is the fourth largest country in the world, after Russia, Canada and China. Including the states of Alaska
and Hawaii, the US covers an area of 9 millions square km. The United States of America is a very diverse country.
Its nature, climate, population varies from the East Coast to the west, from the northern border to the southern.
The USA is situated in the central part of the North American Continent. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the
east, by the Pacific Ocean in the west and by the Gulf of Mexico in the south. The climate varies from moderate to
subtropical. Along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts it is oceanic. The United States has many kinds of climate. The
weather ranges from the warm, wet conditions of the Appalachians to the semi-desert or desert conditions in some of
the western states. There are all kinds of differences in the climate of the US.
There are all kinds of differences in the climate of the US. For instance, all along the western coast, the temperature
changes little between winter and summer. Climate is mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in
Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the southwest.
For instance, all along the western coast, the temperature changes little between winter and summer. In some places,
the average difference between July and January is as little as 10 degrees Centigrade. The climate along the northern
part of this coast is similar to that of England.
Most of the USA territory is marked by sharp differences between winter and summer. Average winter temperature
is about 25 degrees below zero in Alaska and up to 20 degrees above zero in Florida. Average summer temperature
varies from 14 degrees above zero in the western part and up to 32 degrees above zero in the southeast. The largest
amount of rainfall is noted in Alaska and the southwest of the country. In winter the northern part of the USA usually
has a steady snow cover.
The largest rivers of the USA are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Yukon, the Columbia, and the Colorado. The
Great Lakes are situated in the northeast of the country. The region of the Cordilleras has semi deserts, while the rest
of the territory is rich in forests.
In California, where the climate is usually mild, the famous fruit-raising area is located. Californian oranges,
grapefruit and lemons are sold all over the USA and other parts of the world.
The plains of Wyoming, stretching for hundreds of miles, are covered with short grass and sagebrush. This is the
land of cattle- and sheep breeding. The south of the country has been an agricultural region for many years. It raises
the nation's cotton and tobacco. The USA also grows wheat, corn and different vegetables.
There are a lot of national parks in the USA, the aim of which is to preserve the beauty and treasures of the nature.
It varies from southern Arizona and southern Florida, where almost there is no winter at all, to the territory of
Montana, North Dakota and South Dakota, where there are long, very cold and severe winters. In other words, the
US has practically all the climatic zones.
The main land mass of the US is in the temperate zone. The climatic conditions of the country are determined by
the great mountains and the wind.
West of the Rocky Mountains, running all the way from the Canadian border to Mexico, there are vast areas where
almost no trees grow. In this section of the country there are deserts, which receive as little as 12-13 centimeters of
rainfall a year. Yet, west of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, there are places in which 250 centimeters of rain fall
annually. It is one of the wettest places in the USA.
Hawaii, the 50th state, is a chain of over 100 islands, lying in the Pacific and stretching from southeast to
northwest for 2,575 kilometers. The situation in Alaska is different. In those parts of the state which lie above the
Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bears. Ice masses lie buried in the earth, which is
permanently frozen land to a depth of 90 or more meters.
Natural resources include coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury,
nickel, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, and timber.
Natural hazards are a great deal of problems for the USA. Every year, they loose hundred millions of dollars,
because of natural hazards. The USA is famous for hurricanes along the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico coasts and
tornadoes in the Midwest and southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding.
Sometimes there are tsunamis, volcanoes and earthquakes happen. Earthquakes are very often in California.
Talking about environment, one should add that air pollution results in acid rains in both the US and Canada. The
US is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels.
Water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers takes place here.
Animal and plant life in USA
Many species were hunted to extinction or near extinction, most conspicuously, perhaps, the American bison,
which ranged by the millions nearly from coast to coast. But now rarely lives outside of zoos and wildlife preserves.
The coyote, opossum, armadillo, and several species of deer are among the animals that now occupy much larger
ranges than they once did.
The United States is rich in the variety of its native forest trees, some of which, as the species of sequoia, are the
most massive known. More than 1,000 species and varieties have been described, of which almost 200 are of
economic value.
A coniferous forest of white and red pine, hemlock, spruce, and balsam fir extends interruptedly in a narrow strip
near the Canadian border from Maine to Minnesota and southward along the Appalachian Mountains. There may be
found smaller stands of tamarack, spruce, paper birch, willow, alder, and aspen or poplar. Southward, a transition
zone of mixed conifers and deciduous trees gives way to a hardwood forest of broad-leaved trees. This forest, with
varying mixtures of maple, oak, ash, locust, linden, walnut, hickory, sycamore, beech, once extended uninterruptedly
from New England to Missouri and eastern Texas.
Pines, palmettos, and live oaks are replaced at the southern tip of Florida by the more tropical palms, figs,
satinwood, and mangrove.
The alpine tundra, located in the conterminous United States only in the mountains above the limit of trees,
consists principally of small plants that bloom brilliantly for a short season. Sagebrush is the most common plant of
the arid basins and semideserts west of the Rocky Mountains, but juniper, nut pine, and mountain mahogany are
often found on the slopes. The desert, extending from south-eastern California to Texas, is noted for the many
species of cactus, some of which grow to the height of trees, and for the Joshua tree and other yuccas, creosote bush,
and acacias.
Questions:
1. What is the climate in the USA?
2. What are the climatic conditions of the country determined by?
3. Where are there semi desert and desert climate conditions in the USA?
4. Where is the severe and very cold winter in the USA?
5. Where are the wettest places of the USA situated?
6. Where are the temperature changes between winter and summer little in the USA?
7. What part of the USA coast is similar to that of England?
8. Where are great temperature changes between winter and summer in the USA?
9. Why is the climate favourable in Hawaii?
10. Where can we find the permanently frozen land in the USA?
11. Where can we find the midnight sun in the USA?
12. What are the natural resources of the USA?
13. What country is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels?
14. What natural hazards are common in the USA?
VII. Group work. Complete the table
Country
Climate
Animals
Plants
Natural recourses
USA
Canada
VIII. Revision of grammar.
IX. Reflexion
X. Write down your home task: The make a report by internet
Giving marks.
