Конспект урока "Различные пути в подготовке учащихся к написанию писем"

Различные пути в подготовке учащихся к написанию писем

(в формате ЕГЭ)

Часть 1 –написание личного письма

В последнее время многие учителя , используя различную методическую литературу,

ищут пути повышения эффективности обучения учащихся письму.

Если обратиться к формату ЕГЭ, то он включает два задания:

• Написание письма личного характера (100-140 слов)

• Написание эссе с элементами рассуждения (200-250 слов)

Сначала рассмотрим стратегии выполнения этой части экзамена.

Стратегии выполнения этой части экзамена

1. Внимательно прочитайте задание и выделите главные вопросы, о которых нужно

написать, определите формат письменного задания ( вид письма и тип сочинения)

2. Определите, кому адресовано письмо и выберите соответствующий стиль письма .

3. Составьте план письма / сочинения и подберите необходимые слова и выражения.

4. Пишите в соответствии с планом и помните о делении текста на абзацы.

5. Старайтесь использовать не только простые предложения, но и сложноподчинённые,

используя средства логической связи.

6. Старайтесь правильно употреблять временные формы глагола, используйте

разнообразные грамматические структуры.

7. Внимательно проверьте работу, обращая внимание на следующие моменты:

• Соблюдается ли формат и стиль высказывания;

• Логично ли текст делится на абзацы;

• Правильно ли использованы средства связи внутри предложений, между

предложениями, между абзацами;

• Проверьте правильность написания каждого слова

Для успешного выполнения этого задания, можно наметить различные пути:

1й путь- опора на модель. Модели хорошо представлены в современных УМК (как

отечественных, так и зарубежных авторов) в разделах Writing Help.

В качестве примера можно посмотреть Opportunities (Michael Harris and others), State

Exam , Maximiser ( Е.Н.Соловова, И.Е.Солокова), Practice Tests for the Russian State Exam

( Elena Klekovkina and others) и другие. Последние два источника, на мой взгляд, самые

удачные для подготовки к ЕГЭ.

2й путь- опора на клише. Клише разрабатываются самим учителем , опираясь на

собственный опыт или на опыт коллег.

3й путь- опора на предварительные упражнения, которые можно взять готовые из УМК

или составить самостоятельно. Какой путь лучше ? Моё мнение- использование всех

путей.

Что касается 1го пути,- использование модели, то я не буду останавливаться, так как

наши и зарубежные УМК изобилуют такими моделями. Я хочу начать с клише.

Клише для написания личного письма ( в формате ЕГЭ)

Для начала познакомимся со структурой и образцом написания письма.

Структура письма

№

Что требуется в

письме

Рекомендации

Примеры

Адрес

Address

Адрес пишущего указывается в правом верхнем

углу

• В принятом в Великобритании порядке: номер

квартиры, корпуса, дома, улица, почтовый

индекс, страна

• Слова Flat, Block, Street, Avenue, Prospect

пишут с заглавной буквы

Можно пользоваться общепринятыми

сокращениями, которые тоже пишут с заглавной

буквы ( Fl, Apt, St, Ave, Pr)

(полный)

Flat 5 Block 1

12 Grazhdansky Pr

StPetersburg 195299

Russia

(краткий)

StPetersburg

Russia

Дата

Date

Под адресом дата (пропустив строку)

• Можно писать цифрами или буквами

• Названия месяцев пишут с заглавной буквы

В зависимости от задания (адресата) можно писать

британский вариант: дата/ месяц/ год или

американский вариант : месяц / дата / год

Saturday, March 1

, 1999

9 September 1999

Обращение

Greeting

Письмо начинается с обращения, после которого

ставят запятую. (с новой строки, пропустив

строку)

Dear Sally,

Dear Mr Brown,

My darling,

Начало письма

Introduction

В начале письма автор обычно

• Благодарит адресата за ранее полученную

корреспонденцию

• Извиняется, что не писал раньше

Thanks for…, Many thanks for…, How

nice of you …, I was awfully glad to get

your letter…

I must apologise for not writing…,

I really should have written sooner….

Основная часть

письма

Main Body

В ней должны быть раскрыты все аспекты,

указанные в задании. Каждый параграф пишут с

новой строки, пропустив строчку.

Конец письма

Conclusion

В конце письма автор упоминает о дальнейших

контактах. (с новой строки, пропустив строку)

I’ll write again soon.

Looking forward to seeing you.

Hope to hear from you soon.

Завершающая

фраза письма

Ending

Эта фраза зависит от степени близости автора и

адресата, после неё всегда ставится запятая.

(с новой строки, пропустив строку)

I love you so much,

Lots of love, Much love,

Best wishes, All the best,

Yours…..,

Подпись автора

Личные письма подписывают без указания

фамилии (с новой строки, пропустив строку)

Sally , David

Образец написания письма

• Greeting

- never begin Dear friend / Pen friend; write the name Dear Jane,

• Introduction

- reasons for writing; / - an apology for a delay in writing / - a thank you to the person for his

last letter

• Main Body

- divide your letter into paragraphs and include 2-3 points in each paragraph

• Conclusion

-an excuse to stop writing/ - greetings to the person’s family ( friends) / - an invitation/ - a

promise to write again soon, / - a request to the person to reply soon

• Ending

- Lots of love/ Best wishes + your first name

Useful Vocabulary

StPetersburg

Russia

} пропустить строчку

January 1

Dear Mary,

} пропустить строчку

Thank you for your lovely birthday card, I have not written sooner as I wanted to invite you

round and would never find a suitable time.

} пропустить строчку (каждый параграф начинать пропуская строчку)

We are having a small party next Friday night to celebrate Tony’s return from Canada , and we

would be very happy if you and Simon could join us, around 8 p.m. Do come if you can.

} пропустить строчку

Looking forward to seeing you.

} пропустить строчку

Yours,

} пропустить строчку

Anna

Your address

The date

Greeting

Dear….,

Introduction (§ 1-opening remarks)

Main Body (§§ 2-3 - development of the subject )

Conclusion (§ 4 - closing remarks)

Ending (say goodbye and sign your name)

Useful Vocabulary

Вводные фразы

Заключительные фразы

• It was great to get your letter….

• Thanks for your letter. It was great / lovely to

hear from you.

• Thanks for your long letter. It was really great to

hear all your news, after not hearing from you for

ages…..

• Sorry I haven’t written for so long but…..

• I’m very sorry about not replying to your letter

sooner but I’ve been extremely busy.

• Sorry for not writing earlier but I’ve………

• How are things with you? I’m sorry I haven’t

written for so long, but ……

• I was really pleased to hear that….

• I thought I’d better write and tell you about….

• I would really like you to visit me this summer. Write

to me and tell me your plans.

• Thanks for sending me… Please write to me again

soon, and tell me all your news.

• Please give/send my regards (love) to your…. And

write and tell me your plans for….

• I would really love to see you. Why don’t you come

and visit me this….. Write back soon!

• If you want to know anything else, just drop me a

line.

• Well, that’s all for now. Do write back soon.

• That’s all my news for now…

Письма с просьбой дать совет. Asking for advice

Вводные фразы

Заключительные фразы

Formal

• I would appreciate it if you could give me some

advice about…

• I am writing to ask if you could help me with…

• I am writing to ask for your advice.

• Could you possibly offer your advice?

• Could you please give me your advice?

• I am writing to request some advice concerning…

• I would be grateful if you could offer your advice.

• I wonder if you could help me with a problem…

Informal

• I am writing to ask for your advice.

• Can you give me your advice?

• Give me your advice about….

• Can you think of anything that…?

• I’ve got a problem and I need your advice

• I’ve got a problem, and I think you can help.

Formal

• I would be grateful if you could give me your advice

as soon as possible

• I look forward to receiving your advice.

• It would be of great help if you could advise me.

• I would greatly appreciate your assistance in this

matter.

• I would appreciate it if you could give me your

advice as soon as possible.

Informal

• What do you think I should do?

• Give me / Send me your advice soon.

• Do you think I should…?

• Do you have any idea about…?

• Please let me know what to do

• Please let me know what you think I should do

• I’d like to know what you think about…

• Write back soon and tell me what you think.

• Your advice would help me a lot.

Письма-советы. Giving advice

Вводные фразы

Фразы основной части

Заключительные фразы

Formal

• Thank you for your letter

requesting….

• I am writing in reply to

your letter asking for

advice about……..

• I am writing with regard to

your letter requesting

advice concerning….

Informal

• I ‘m sorry to hear ..…and I

think I can help.

• Cheer up / Don’t worry too

much.

• Don’t let it get you down

• I’m only too glad to help.

Formal

• I strongly recommend that…….

• I would suggest that………

• I believe the best course of action is….

• I would advise you to………

• You should / ought to……..

• If I were you I would………

Informal

• Why don’t you……….?

• If I were you / in your position, I’d…../ I

wouldn’t…..

• Have you thought of / about ……+ Ving?

• Don’t forget to….

• It would be a good idea to………

• What you should do is…

Formal

• I trust you will accept this

advice

• I hope this advice will be of

help

• I hope to have been of

assistance to you/

• I would very much like to

know if this advice was

helpful / has been of some

use.

Informal

• I hope that this / my advice

helps.

• Let me know what happens.

• Let me know how it went.

• I just got your letter and I

think……

• Here’s what I think you

should do.

• How about + Ving………? What about +

Ving…..?

• I think you should……

• The best advice I can give you is………

• Another good idea is to……

• Let’s hope that things get

better

• Let’s hope that everything

turns out all right.

• Hope this helped.

• If you do this, you

would…….

Примеры подготовительных упражнений для учащихся ( перед написанием личного

письма)

Exercise 1. пример взят из Practice Tests for the Russian State Exam (E.Klekovkina…) Macmillan

Put the parts of this letter in the correct order (Part1- Part9)-Key:HDFBGAEC

A.. Anyway, I've got to go now. Loads of homework (unfortunately!)

B. I'm sorry to hear you've had an argument with your best friend and that you're not speaking at

the moment. Yes, it has happened to me too, and it's awful, isn't it?

C. Carol

D. Dear Sally,

E. Write back soon!

F. Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you! Well done on passing your exams!

G. I think you need to ask yourself one question: what's more important- that argument or your

friendship? I remember when I asked myself that it all became clear. I realized my friendship

with Chris was far more important. I called him immediately and told him. We became friends

again immediately. Maybe you should do the same thing. Let me know what happens! Good luck!

H. 23 Portland Street

Manchester

MN3 6YL

September

Exercise 2. пример взят из Reading/ Writing (Virginia Evans-Jenny Dooley) Express Publishing

You recently started a new job, and you have decided to write and tell a friend about it. Write your letter,

describing the job and the people you work with. (100-150 words)

KEY: 1-A, 2-B, 3-A, 4- X description of yourself, .where you went last night, .news about your holiday, 5-A,B,C

1 Who is going to read your letter? A someone you know well В someone you have never

met

2 Why are you writing the letter? A to apply for a new job В to tell someone your news

3. What will your letter be about? A your new job В your friend's new job

4. Which three points below would you not include in the letter? Put a cross (х).

.....reason for writing

.....description of yourself

.....brief description of the work you do

.....where you went last night

.....the people you work with

.....news about your holiday

.....asking the other person to reply

5. Which of the following could you use in the letter? A. short forms B. idioms C. informal

vocabulary D. formal, polite expressions

Exercise 3. пример взят из Reading/ Writing (Virginia Evans-Jenny Dooley) Express Publishing

You have decided to hold a party at your house on New Year's Eve. Write a letter to a friend who lives in

another town, inviting him/her to your party and telling him/her what you have planned for the occasion. (120-

180 words)

Key: 1-informal, 2-someone you know well, 3-to invite someone to a party, 4-the reason you are writing,plans and

preparations for the party

1 What style would you use for this letter?

2 Who is going to read it?

3 Why are you writing the letter?

4 Which two points below are main topics that you might include in your letter?

.... the reason you are writing

.... why you haven't held a party before

.... a description of your house

.... plans and preparations for the party

.... how much money you will spend on food and drink ....

….recent changes in your town

5. If you were holding a party, what plans/preparations would you make? Use these headings to

help you.

• food & drink

• guests

• decorations

6. Read the letter and label the paragraphs with the headings.

• closing remarks • reason for writing • details about the event

Dear Paul,

I'm sorry I haven't written for such a long time, but I've been really busy with my new job as a hotel receptionist.

Actually, that's what I'm writing to tell you about.

I'm working at a lovely hotel in the city centre. I started there two weeks ago. The job involves answering the phone,

making bookings and answering guests' questions - you know the sort of thing, I'm sure. I'm really enjoying it, actually.

All the people I work with are very nice and have been very helpful to me. The hotel manager has been especially kind.

There's also one woman who's become quite a good friend already. She's a waitress called Sandra, and we get on like a house

on fire!

Anyway, that's all my news for the moment, but I promise I'll write again soon. I hope you and your family are well.

Keep in touch!

Best wishes,

Amelia

What is the main topic of each paragraph?

Paragraph 2

A plans and preparations for the party В the other guests who will be there С Mexican food and

decorations

Paragraph 3

A the easiest way to get to Mark's house В specific arrangements for Vic and Monica С how

long the party will last

Exercise 4. пример взят из Reading/ Writing (Virginia Evans-Jenny Dooley) Express Publishing

Read the sentences and decide which are from introductions and which are from conclusions.

(Key: 1-C, 2-I, 3-C, 4-C, 5-I, 6-I)

1 Please let me know as soon as possible.

2 I'm writing to invite you to our wedding on 6th May.

3 I'm sure it will be fun, and I hope you'll be able to come.

4 Looking forward to seeing you then.

5 Were organising a fancy-dress party and it would be great if you could come.

6 We'd love it if you could come to our house-warming party on 27th January.

Task 5. пример взят из Reading/ Writing (Virginia Evans-Jenny Dooley) Express Publishing

Read the short letter of invitation and correct the mistakes in bold.

Dear Sally,

I'm writting to invite you to our cottage near Wynton for the first weekend on June, when

Wynton has its annual fair. Its always great fun, and I'm sure you are enjoy it. The fair takes

place in the Saturday, with a flower show, a funfair and lots of others things, and there is

usualy a big dance at the evening. ..................

The next day Barry and I am going to have a barbecue if the weather will be fine. Most of our

freinds have been invited, so

you'll meet some interesting people.

Please let us know if you can make it. Looking forward to seeing you.

Lots of love,

Beth

10th December

Dear Vic,

Hi - how are you? What are you doing this New Year's Eve? Jean and I have decided to hold a party at home this year,

and we'd love it if you and Monica could come.

We're planning quite a small party with our old schoolfriends, so you'll know all of the guests. There'll be lots to eat and

drink, of course. We've decided to give the party a Mexican theme, and we thought that a variety of Mexican dishes

would be perfect, since all of our friends love spicy food. Jean's already started planning the menu, making decorations

and so on.

You'll probably be coming by train, won't you? Just give us a ring from the station when you arrive, and I'll come and

pick you up. I expect the party will go on quite late, so of course you will need to stay the night. Don't worry, though -

there's plenty of room for both of you.

Well, I really hope you can make it, Vic. Do try and come - it seems ages since we last saw you both! Please let me

know as soon as possible if you'll be able to join us.

Lots of love,

Mark

Скачать материал

Конспект урока "Различные пути в подготовке учащихся к написанию писем"

Английский язык - еще материалы к урокам:

Предметы

Похожие материалы