Проект "Англоязычные страны: Ямайка" 9 класс
Материалы для учителя
к презентации из рубрики
«Англоязычные страны»
(УМК “Cambridge English for Schools in Russia. Level Four”)
9 класс
Автор: Никифорова М.С.
учитель английского языка
МОУ «СОШ №83»
ЗАТО Северск Томской обл.
2009
2
Пояснительная записка
Презентация «Ямайка» была составлена для учащихся 9 класса,
занимающихся по УМК “Cambridge English for Schools in Russia. Level Four”,
при прохождении темы учебника “Discover the West Indies” (unit 9).
Оказалось, что ученики знают в основном самые известные англоязычные
страны (такие, как Великобритания, США, Канада, Австралия и Новая
Зеландия), но практически не владеют информацией о других странах
англоязычного мира.
Представленный в учебнике небольшой текст о Ямайке вызвал интерес у
учащихся, поэтому возникла идея о дополнительных уроках для знакомства
со странами Вест-Индии. Ученикам было предложено выбрать любую
англоязычную страну Карибского бассейна и выполнить проектную работу в
виде реферата или мультимедийной презентации. В качестве примера
учитель предложил вниманию учащихся свою работу (презентацию и
реферат о Ямайке), которая явилась хорошим стимулом для выполнения
ученических творческих работ.
Реферат, который представлен ниже (с.3-11), содержит фактическую
информацию о стране в целом, доступен для понимания всех учащихся и
может использоваться для разных целей обучения (например, для
аудирования, чтения, перевода, обучения устной речи и т.п.).
Презентация служит наглядным материалом по данной теме. Она
составлена по тексту реферата, но не дублирует его, а отражает основное
содержание. Презентацию можно смотреть последовательно со 2 слайда (1
слайд сделан, исходя из правил публикации). Для создания атмосферы
предлагается в начале презентации (2 слайд) и в конце её (36 слайд)
включить песню «Ямайка» в исполнении Робертино Лоретти, которая есть в
предложенной папке с материалами. Если позволяют условия в классе, можно
предложить индивидуальную или парную работу с презентацией, когда
ученики изучают свой раздел, а потом предают его содержание всему классу.
Для этого в работе сделаны дополнительные кнопки и гиперссылки. С
помощью гиперссылок из оглавления (3 слайд) можно попасть на любой
раздел презентации и, проработав его, вернуться обратно в оглавление (с
помощью дополнительной кнопки «домой»). Все разделы отличаются друг от
друга по сложности лексического материала и размеру, что удобно для
работы в разноуровневой группе учащихся.
Предлагаемые материалы можно использовать как на уроках по
страноведению, так и на факультативных занятиях и элективных курсах.
3
Content
Fact File 4
Location 5
History 5
Population and Language 6
Government 6
Economy 6
Parishes and Cities 7
Landscape and Climate 9
Flora and Fauna 9
Culture and Sport 10
Sources 11
4
Fact File
Location: in the Caribbean Sea
Size: 235 km long and 56 km wide
Area: 11,100 sq km
Highest Point: Blue Mountain (2,256 m)
Population (2008 est.): 2,804,332
Capital & largest city: Kingston
Population: descendents of African slaves
(91.2% African, 6.2% Multiracial, 2.6% Others)
Official language: English
Government: parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy
Head of state: Elizabeth II
Governor-General: Patrick Allen
Prime Minister: Bruce Golding
Independence: 6 August 1962
Religion: Christianity and Rastafarianism
Currency: Jamaica dollar
National symbols:
National Bird — Doctor Bird
National Flower — Lignum Vitae
National Tree — Blue Mahoe
National Dish — Ackee and Saltfish (dried salted Cod)
National Motto — "Out of Many, One People." (Unity among many cultures and races.)
5
Location
Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, 234 kilometres in length and as much
as 80 kilometres in width situated in the Caribbean Sea.
It is about 145 km south of Cuba, and 190 km west
of the island of Hispaniola, on which Haiti and the
Dominican Republic are situated. The indigenous
Arawakan-speaking inhabitants named the island "Land of
Wood and Water", or the "Land of Springs".
Formerly a Spanish possession known as Santiago, it
later became the British colony of Jamaica. It is the third
most populous English-speaking country in North
America, after the USA and Canada.
History
The Arawak and Taino indigenous people originating
from South America settled on the island between 4000 and
1000 BC. They named the island "Land of Wood and
Water", or the "Land of Springs". When Christopher
Columbus arrived in 1494 there were over 200 villages ruled
by chiefs. The Tainos were still inhabiting Jamaica when the
British took control of the island.
Christopher Columbus claimed Jamaica for Spain after
landing there in 1494. Columbus' probable landing point
was Dry Harbour, now called Discovery Bay.
Formerly a Spanish possession known as Santiago, it later became the British Crown
colony of Jamaica. The English Admiral William Penn and General Robert Venables seized the
island in 1655. As early as the 1670s, blacks formed a majority of the population.
During its first 200 years of British rule, Jamaica became one of the world's leading sugar-
exporting, slave-dependent nations, producing more than 77,000 tons of sugar annually
between 1820 and 1824.
After the abolition of the slave trade in 1807, the British imported Indian and Chinese
workers as indentured servants to supplement the labour pool. Descendants of indentured
servants of Asian and Chinese origin continue to reside in Jamaica today.
6
The nation formally abolished slavery in 1834, with full emancipation from slavery declared
in 1838. In the 1800s, the British established a number of botanical gardens. These included
the Castleton Garden, Bath Garden, the Cinchona Plantation and the Hope Garden.
Jamaica became an independent country within the British Commonwealth only in 1962.
Population and Language
The population of Jamaica is less than 3 million people.
It mainly consists of people of African descent.
Immigration has been greatly rising from China, Haiti,
Cuba, Colombia, and other Latin American countries. 7,000
Americans also reside in Jamaica.
The official language of Jamaica is English. But it
includes words from various African languages; other European languages (Spanish,
Portuguese, and French) and Asian languages (Hindi, Hakka and Cantonese).
Government
Jamaica is a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, represented
by the governor-general. The head of government is the Prime Minister.
The Parliament of Jamaica consists of the House of Representatives (Lower House) and
the Senate (Upper House).
Jamaica has traditionally had a two-party system, with power often alternating between
the People's National Party and Jamaica Labour Party (JLP).
Economy
Major sectors of the Jamaican economy include agriculture, mining, manufacturing,
tourism and financial and insurance services. Jamaica's resources include coffee, papaya,
bauxite, gypsum, limestone, and sugar cane.
Exports include food, chemicals and machinery. Jamaica's agricultural exports are sugar,
bananas, coffee, rum and yams.
The main export countries are the United States of America, Canada, the United Kingdom,
the Netherlands, Norway, France, Germany and Japan.
7
Parishes and Cities
Jamaica is divided into 3 counties and 14 parishes.
Cornwall County Middlesex County Surrey County
1. Hanover 6. Clarendon 11.Kingston
2. Saint Elizabeth 7. Manchester 12. Portland
3. Saint James 8.Saint Ann 13. Saint Andrew
4. Trelawny 9. Saint Catherine 14. Saint Thomas
5. Westmoreland 10. Saint Mary
Most major towns and cities are located on the coast. Chief towns and cities include the
capital
Kingston
, the cities of
Montego Bay, Negril
,
Ocho Ríos
,
Port Antonio
,
Portmore
,
Spanish Town
,
Mandeville
and some others.
8
Kingston is the capital and the commercial, administrative and
cultural heart of the island. It is the largest English-speaking city in
the Caribbean, has the seventh largest natural harbor in the world.
It was founded in 1692 after an earthquake devastated the capital
Port Royal.
Montego Bay, or Mo Bay is one of the most famous tourist
destinations in the world. Over the years it has attracted the rich and
the famous. The bay offers wonderful beaches and the town has lots
to offer. The town of Montego Bay is divided into two distinct areas,
the residential and the tourist.
Ocho Rios is the second major tourist town on the north coast with
a wide range of accommodation, excellent beaches, airstrip and
modern crusie facilities. Each year it attracts more than 700,000
tourists.
Negril is the main resort area on the island's west coast. It is very
popular and has grown rapidly in recent years. Resort development is
carefully controlled, and no building by law is allowed to be taller
than the tallest palm. Apart from the beautiful beaches, the waters
offer world-class diving and a wealth of water sports.
Mandeville is the chief town of Manchester parish, Jamaica's
mountain resort. It has a town square, parish church and clock
tower, and many large, elegant early nineteenth-century houses to
see along the winding streets. Mandeville has been described as the
most English town on Jamaica.
Port Antonio is on the the island's northcoast and is a charming
blend of old and new. It was Jamaica's first tourist resort, and is a
favourite resort for writers and artists. The town's twin harbours,
jewel blue sea and verdant hillsides still ensnare the visitor.
9
Landscape and Climate
Jamaica has three major regions: the coastal lowlands; a
limestone plateau, which covers half of the island; and the interior
highlands, with forested mountain ranges, including
the Blue
Mountains
.
The Kingston Harbour
is one of the largest natural
harbours in the world.
There are several tourist attractions in the country, including
Dunn's River Falls
in St.
Ann,
YS Falls
in St. Elizabeth,
the Blue Lagoon
in Portland, and
Port Royal
.
The climate in Jamaica is tropical, with hot and humid weather, although higher inland
regions have a more temperate climate. Some regions on the south coast, such as the Liguanea
Plain and the Pedro Plains are relatively dry rain-shadow areas.
Rains are seasonal, falling chiefly in October and May, although thunderstorms can bring
heavy showers in the summer months, from June to September.
Jamaica lies in the hurricane belt of the Atlantic Ocean; as a result, the island sometimes
experiences significant storm damage. Hurricanes Charlie and Gilbert hit Jamaica directly in
1951 and 1988, respectively, causing major damage, destruction, and many deaths. In the
2000s, hurricanes Ivan, Dean, and Gustav also brought severe weather to the island.
Flora and Fauna
When the Spanish came here in 1494, the country was deeply
forested, but the European settlers cut down the great timber trees.
Many new plants were introduced including sugarcane, bananas, and
citrus trees.
In the areas of heavy rainfall are stands of bamboo, ferns, ebony,
mahogany, and rosewood. Cactus and similar dry-area plants are found along
the south and southwest coastal area. Parts of the west and southwest
consist of large grasslands.
The Jamaican animal life includes a highly diversified bird life: parrots, hummingbirds,
cuckoos and green todies. There are many reptiles and lizards. The wild hog is one of the few
native mammals in Jamaica.
Jamaican waters contain considerable resources of fresh-and saltwater fish.
10
The authorities recognized the significance and potential of this
aspect of their heritage. In 1992, Jamaica's first marine park, covering
nearly 15 square km, was established in Montego Bay. The following
year Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park was created on
roughly 780 square km of wilderness that supports thousands of tree
and fern species, rare animals, and insects, such as the Homerus
swallowtail, the Western Hemisphere's largest butterfly.
Culture and Sport
Though a small nation, Jamaica is rich in culture. The musical genres reggae, ska, mento,
dancehall and ragga all originated in Jamaica. The country also played an important role in the
development of punk rock. Internationally known reggae musician Bob Marley was born in
Jamaica and he is much respected there. The birth of hip-hop in New York also owed much to
the city's Jamaican community.
Ian Fleming, who lived in Jamaica, repeatedly used the island as a setting in the James
Bond novels, including “Live and Let Die”, “Doctor No”, “For Your Eyes Only” and “The Man with
the Golden Gun”. Filming for the fictional island of San Monique in Live and Let Die took place
in Jamaica.
The American film “Cocktail”, starring Tom Cruise, is one of the most popular films to
depict Jamaica. Another popular Jamaican-based film is the 1993 comedy “Cool Runnings”
which is loosely based on the true story of Jamaica's first bobsled team trying to make it in the
Winter Olympics.
Jamaicans, in general, have a large interest in sports. Cricket, football (soccer), athletics
and horse-racing are several popular sports. Jamaican athletes have been well represented at
the Olympics, World Championships and other major athletics events over the years with
leading athletes obtaining medals.
In the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Usain Bolt of Jamaica won three gold medals and broke the
World Records for the 100m and 200m sprint races respectively. Melaine Walker, won a gold
medal and broke the Olympic record time in her event. Shelly-Ann Fraser won gold in the
women's 100m sprint, with her team mates Kerron Stewart and Sherone Simpson coming in
joint second for two silver medals. Overall, the Jamaican 2008 Olympics team finished with a
rank of 13 out of 204 competing nations. The 11 medals consisted of 6 golds, 3 silvers and 2
bronze.
11
Sources:
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica
2. http://wikitravel.org/en/Jamaica
3. http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/jamaica.htm
4. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/299716/Jamaica
5. http://www.discoverjamaica.com/
