Презентация "Linking words and their functions" 11 класс

Linking Words and their functions

Фадеева Юлия Владимировна

Учитель английского языка

МКОУ «Таёжнинская средняя школа №7»

Красноярский край

11 класс

Linking devices   Position in the text

The function

of linking words

Grammatical

differences

Position in the text Some linking words normally form a link between clauses WITHIN a sentence. It is bad style to start a sentence with these words:   and       but            so         because          then             until             such as     Another type of linking device is used to form a link BETWEEN sentences. These words usually followed by a comma:   Furthermore,     Moreover,     However,     Nevertheless,       Therefore,        In conclusion, The function of linking words Linking devices are neither nouns, nor verbs. They provide a text with cohesion and illustrate how the parts of the text relate to each other. Here are some of the functions which linking words provide.

• Adding extra information to the main point
• contrasting ideas
• expressing cause and effect
• showing exactly when something happened, expressing purpose (why?) and opinion
• listing examples
• making conclusions and giving emphasis.

Grammatical differences Some linking words must be followed by a clause Subject + Verb + Object while    why          because    although  so    whereas  when Other linking words should be followed by a noun Linking word + (the) + Noun/Pronoun or gerund     because of     despite     during       in spite of Adding

• as well as
• besides
• Moreover,
• Furthermore,
• What is more,
• In addition,
• not only .... but also
• another point is that

Contrasting

However,

Although

In spite of

Nevertheless,

On the contrary,

on the one hand

on the other hand,

whereas

While

In contrast,

Neither...nor

Expressing cause /reason because as since This is why because of Due to Owing to For this reason,

Expressing effect /result

so....that

such a...that

Therefore

Thus

Consequently,

As a result,

too...for/to

not enough...for/to

Narration First (of all) At first In the beginning then next Before After that afterwards When While during Soon

immediately

Once

Suddenly

As soon as

on

No sooner....than

Hardly...when

Finally

Eventually

At the end

In the end

At last

To begin with,

until

Expressing purpose to so as to in order that so that for (Non-specific)

I would say that

In my opinion,

I think (that)

I believe (that)

Personally

Apparently,

 

Expressing opinion

Giving examples for example, for instance, For one thing, this includes, such as (for example), i.e. (that is)

Summing up

/concluding

All in all

overall

generally

In conclusion,

on the whole

in the main

To sum up,

Emphasis especially particularly Naturally, exactly because above all Whatever Whenever too / enough The more .... Write the sentence again, using the word in brackets. The meaning must stay exactly the same 1. She is a very good English speaker. You would think it was her native language. ___________________________________________________________________ (so) 2. There were so many people in the room that we couldn't move. ___________________________________________________________________ (such) 3. We missed the film because there was such a lot of traffic. ___________________________________________________________________ (so) 4. I can't wear this coat in winter, It's not warm enough. ___________________________________________________________________ (too) 5. When he speaks English, I can't understand what he says. ___________________________________________________________________ (enough) 6. We lost the match although we we the better team. ___________________________________________________________________ (despite) Использованные источники

• http://odintsovo.biz/img/catalog/yellow/urisconsult.gif
• https://otvet.imgsmail.ru/download/49970690_de6f6cce363e388e0547d7fadcac206b_800.gif
• http://www.cliparthut.com/clip-arts/1341/animated-hourglass-clip-art-1341495.gif
• http://mediaturbo.com/images/dart.gif
• http://s01.yapfiles.ru/files/17917/dlyamerii.gif
• http://www.shkola41.edusite.ru/images/voskznak.gif
• http://web42.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/linkepites.jpg
• http://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/linkwdex.html
• http://www.vivquarry.com/wkshts/linkwd.html

Good luck!